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43
1 Now, this is what the Lord says,
the one who created you, O Jacob,
and formed you, O Israel:
“Don’t be afraid, for I will protect you.
I call you by name, you are mine.
2 When you pass through the waters, I am with you;
when you pass through the streams, they will not overwhelm you.
When you walk through the fire, you will not be burned;
the flames will not harm you.
3 For I am the Lord|strong="H3069" your God,
the Holy One of Israel, your deliverer.
I have handed over Egypt as a ransom price,
Ethiopia and Seba in place of you.
4 Since you are precious and special in my sight,
and I love you,
I will hand over people in place of you,
nations in place of your life.
5 Don’t be afraid, for I am with you.
From the east I will bring your descendants;
from the west I will gather you.
6 I will say to the north, ‘Hand them over!’
and to the south, ‘Don’t hold any back!’
Bring my sons from distant lands,
and my daughters from the remote regions of the earth,
7 everyone who belongs to me,
whom I created for my glory,
whom I formed – yes, whom I made!
The Lord Declares His Sovereignty
8 Bring out the people who are blind, even though they have eyes,
those who are deaf, even though they have ears!
9 All nations gather together,
the peoples assemble.
Who among them announced this?
Who predicted earlier events for us?
Let them produce their witnesses to testify they were right;
let them listen and affirm, ‘It is true.’
10 You are my witnesses,” says the Lord,
“my servant whom I have chosen,
so that you may consider and believe in me,
and understand that I am he.
No god was formed before me,
and none will outlive me.
11 I, I am the Lord,
and there is no deliverer besides me.
12 I decreed and delivered and proclaimed,
and there was no other god among you.
You are my witnesses,” says the Lord, “that I am God.
13 From this day forward I am he;
no one can deliver from my power; * Translator's Note Heb “hand” (so KJV, NASB, NIV, NRSV); NLT “No one can oppose what I do.”
I will act, and who can prevent it?”
The Lord Will Do Something New
14 This is what the LORD says,
your protector, † Translator's Note Or “kinsman redeemer.” See the note at . the Holy One of Israel: ‡ Study Note See the note on the phrase “the Holy One of Israel” in .
“For your sake I send to Babylon
and make them all fugitives, § Translator's Note Heb “and I bring down [as] fugitives all of them.”
turning the Babylonians' joyful shouts into mourning songs. * Translator's Note The Hebrew text reads literally, “as for the Babylonians, in ships their joyful shout.” This might be paraphrased, “even the Babylonians in the ships [over which] they joyfully shouted.” The point would be that the Lord caused the Babylonians to flee for safety in the ships in which they took such great pride. A slight change in vocalization yields the reading “into mourning songs,” which provides a good contrast with “joyful shout.” The prefixed bet ( בְּ) would indicate identity.
15 I am the LORD, your Holy One, † Study Note See the note on the phrase “the Holy One of Israel” in .
the one who created Israel, your king.”
16 This is what the LORD says,
the one who made a road through the sea,
a pathway through the surging waters,
17 the one who led chariots and horses to destruction, ‡ Translator's Note Heb “led out chariots and horses.” The words “to destruction” are supplied in the translation for clarification. The verse refers to the destruction of the Egyptians at the Red Sea.
together with a mighty army.
They fell down, § Translator's Note Heb “lay down”; NAB “lie prostrate together”; CEV “lie dead”; NRSV “they lie down.” never to rise again;
they were extinguished, put out like a burning wick:
18 “Don't remember these earlier events; * Translator's Note Heb “the former things” (so KJV, NASB, NIV, NRSV); NLT “forget all that.”
don't recall these former events.
19 “Look, I am about to do something new.
Now it begins to happen! † Translator's Note Heb “sprouts up”; NASB “will spring forth.” Do you not recognize ‡ Translator's Note Or “know” (KJV, ASV); NASB “be aware of”; NAB, NIV, NRSV “perceive.” it?
Yes, I will make a road in the desert
and paths § Translator's Note The Hebrew texts has “streams,” probably under the influence of v. 20. The Qumran scroll 1QIsaa has נתיבות (“paths”). in the wilderness.
20 The wild animals of the desert honor me,
the jackals and ostriches,
because I put water in the desert
and streams in the wilderness,
to quench the thirst of my chosen people,
21 the people whom I formed for myself,
so they might praise me.” * Translator's Note Heb “[so] they might declare my praise.”
The Lord Rebukes His People
22 “But you did not call for me, O Jacob;
you did not long † Translator's Note Or “strive”; KJV, ASV, NRSV “been weary of me.” for me, O Israel.
23 You did not bring me lambs for your burnt offerings;
you did not honor me with your sacrifices.
I did not burden you with offerings;
I did not make you weary by demanding ‡ Translator's Note Heb “with.” The words “by demanding” are supplied in the translation for clarification. incense.
24 You did not buy me aromatic reeds; § Translator's Note That is, “calamus” (so NIV); NCV, TEV, NLT “incense”; CEV “spices.”
you did not present to me * Translator's Note Heb “you did not saturate me”; NASB “Neither have you filled Me.” the fat of your sacrifices.
Yet you burdened me with your sins;
you made me weary with your evil deeds. † Study Note In vv. 22-24 the Lord appears to be condemning his people for failure to bring the proper sacrifices. However, this is problematic. If this refers to the nation's behavior while in exile, such cultic service was impossible and could hardly be expected by the Lord. If this refers to the nation's conduct before the exile, it contradicts other passages that depict Israel as bringing excessive sacrifices (see, e.g., ; ; , ). Rather than being a condemnation of Israel's failure to bring sacrifices, these verses are better taken as a highly rhetorical comment on the worthlessness of Israel's religious ritual. They may have brought sacrifices, but not to the Lord, for he did not accept them or even want them. See C. R. North, Second Isaiah, 127, and R. Whybray, (NCBC), 91.
25 I, I am the one who blots out your rebellious deeds for my sake;
your sins I do not remember.
26 Remind me of what happened! Let's debate!
You, prove to me that you are right! ‡ Translator's Note Heb “you, tell in order that you may be right”; NAB “prove your innocence.”
27 The father of your nation § Translator's Note Heb “your first father.” This could refer to Abraham (see ), but elsewhere in Isaiah he does not appear in a negative light (see ; ; ). A more likely candidate is Jacob/Israel, also referred to as the nation's “father” elsewhere (see ; ). sinned;
your spokesmen * Translator's Note On the meaning of the term לִיץ ( lits), see HALOT 590 s.v. מֵלִיץ. This may refer to the nation's prophets, priests, and/or kings. rebelled against me.
28 So I defiled your holy princes,
and handed Jacob over to destruction,
and subjected † Translator's Note The word “subjected” is supplied in the translation for stylistic reasons. Israel to humiliating abuse.”

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*43:13 Translator's Note Heb “hand” (so KJV, NASB, NIV, NRSV); NLT “No one can oppose what I do.”

†43:14 Translator's Note Or “kinsman redeemer.” See the note at .

‡43:14 Study Note See the note on the phrase “the Holy One of Israel” in .

§43:14 Translator's Note Heb “and I bring down [as] fugitives all of them.”

*43:14 Translator's Note The Hebrew text reads literally, “as for the Babylonians, in ships their joyful shout.” This might be paraphrased, “even the Babylonians in the ships [over which] they joyfully shouted.” The point would be that the Lord caused the Babylonians to flee for safety in the ships in which they took such great pride. A slight change in vocalization yields the reading “into mourning songs,” which provides a good contrast with “joyful shout.” The prefixed bet ( בְּ) would indicate identity.

†43:15 Study Note See the note on the phrase “the Holy One of Israel” in .

‡43:17 Translator's Note Heb “led out chariots and horses.” The words “to destruction” are supplied in the translation for clarification. The verse refers to the destruction of the Egyptians at the Red Sea.

§43:17 Translator's Note Heb “lay down”; NAB “lie prostrate together”; CEV “lie dead”; NRSV “they lie down.”

*43:18 Translator's Note Heb “the former things” (so KJV, NASB, NIV, NRSV); NLT “forget all that.”

†43:19 Translator's Note Heb “sprouts up”; NASB “will spring forth.”

‡43:19 Translator's Note Or “know” (KJV, ASV); NASB “be aware of”; NAB, NIV, NRSV “perceive.”

§43:19 Translator's Note The Hebrew texts has “streams,” probably under the influence of v. 20. The Qumran scroll 1QIsaa has נתיבות (“paths”).

*43:21 Translator's Note Heb “[so] they might declare my praise.”

†43:22 Translator's Note Or “strive”; KJV, ASV, NRSV “been weary of me.”

‡43:23 Translator's Note Heb “with.” The words “by demanding” are supplied in the translation for clarification.

§43:24 Translator's Note That is, “calamus” (so NIV); NCV, TEV, NLT “incense”; CEV “spices.”

*43:24 Translator's Note Heb “you did not saturate me”; NASB “Neither have you filled Me.”

†43:24 Study Note In vv. 22-24 the Lord appears to be condemning his people for failure to bring the proper sacrifices. However, this is problematic. If this refers to the nation's behavior while in exile, such cultic service was impossible and could hardly be expected by the Lord. If this refers to the nation's conduct before the exile, it contradicts other passages that depict Israel as bringing excessive sacrifices (see, e.g., ; ; , ). Rather than being a condemnation of Israel's failure to bring sacrifices, these verses are better taken as a highly rhetorical comment on the worthlessness of Israel's religious ritual. They may have brought sacrifices, but not to the Lord, for he did not accept them or even want them. See C. R. North, Second Isaiah, 127, and R. Whybray, (NCBC), 91.

‡43:26 Translator's Note Heb “you, tell in order that you may be right”; NAB “prove your innocence.”

§43:27 Translator's Note Heb “your first father.” This could refer to Abraham (see ), but elsewhere in Isaiah he does not appear in a negative light (see ; ; ). A more likely candidate is Jacob/Israel, also referred to as the nation's “father” elsewhere (see ; ).

*43:27 Translator's Note On the meaning of the term לִיץ ( lits), see HALOT 590 s.v. מֵלִיץ. This may refer to the nation's prophets, priests, and/or kings.

†43:28 Translator's Note The word “subjected” is supplied in the translation for stylistic reasons.

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