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1 When Adonai your God cuts off the nations, whose land Adonai your God gives you, and you succeed them, and dwell in their cities, and in their houses; 2 you shall set apart three cities for yourselves in the middle of your land, which Adonai your God gives you to possess it. 3 * Deut 19:3 (Deut 19:1-4; Josh 20:4-6) (#6.407): T. To have six cities of refuge for a man guilty of manslaughter that is an accidental or unintentional killer / R. Designate cities of refuge and prepare routes of access You shall prepare the way, and divide the borders of your land, which Adonai your God causes you to inherit, into three parts, that every man slayer may flee there. 4 This is the case of the man slayer who shall flee there and live. Whoever kills his neighbor unawares, and didn’t hate him in time past; 5 as when a man goes into the forest with his neighbor to chop wood, and his hand fetches a stroke with the ax to cut down the tree, and the head slips from the handle, and lights on his neighbor, so that he dies, he shall flee to one of these cities and live. 6 Otherwise, the avenger of blood might pursue the man slayer, while his heart is hot, and overtake him, because the way is long, and strike him mortally; even though he was not mishpat ·judged· worthy of death, because he didn’t hate him in time past. 7 Therefore I enjoin you to set apart three cities for yourselves. 8 If Adonai your God enlarges your border, as he has sworn to your fathers, and gives you all the land which he promised to give to your fathers; 9 if you keep all this mitzvot ·instructions· to do them, which I enjoin you today, to 'ahav ·affectionately love· Adonai your God, and to walk ever in his ways; then you shall add three cities more for yourselves, besides these three. 10 This is so that innocent blood will not be shed in the middle of your land which Adonai your God gives you for an inheritance, leaving blood guilt on you. 11 But if any man hates his neighbor, lies in wait for him, rises up against him, strikes him mortally so that he dies, and he flees into one of these cities; 12 then the elders of his city shall send and bring him there, and deliver him into the hand of the avenger of blood, that he may die. 13 † Deut 19:13 (Deut 19:11-13) (#6.408): T. Not to pity the murderer in imposing penalties / R. Not to pity the murderer or assailant in trial when imposing penalties Your eye shall not pity him, but you shall purge the innocent blood from Israel [God prevails], that it may go well with you. (6) 14 ‡ Deut 19:14 (#8.528): T. Not to move landmarks / R. Not to move a boundary marker to steal someone’s property You shall not remove your neighbor’s landmark, which they of old time have set, in your inheritance which you shall inherit, in the land that Adonai your God gives you to possess. 15 § Deut 19:15 (#9.570): T. Not to decide a case on the evidence of a single witness / R. Not to accept testimony from a lone witness One witness shall not rise up against a man for any iniquity, or for any sin, in any sin that he sins. At the mouth of two witnesses, or at the mouth of three witnesses, shall a matter be established. * Quoted in Matt 18:16; John 8:17; 2 Cor 13:1; 1 Tim 5:19; Heb 10:28 16 If an unrighteous witness rises up against any man to testify against him of wrongdoing, 17 † Deut 19:17 (Deut 19:16-21) (#9.571): T. If one witness who testifies against another but is found to be a false witness, you shall apply the intended punishment to the false witness (this is found in full context (v16-19)) / R. A witness must not serve as a judge in capital crimes
T. Reason: “In this way, you will put an end to such wickedness among you” (v19) then both the men, between whom the controversy is, shall stand before Adonai , before the priests and the judges who shall be in those days; 18 and the judges shall make diligent inquisition: and, behold, if the witness is a false witness, and has testified falsely against his brother; 19 ‡ Deut 19:19 (Deut 19:16-21) (#9.572): Punish the false witnesses as they tried to punish the defendant then you shall do to him as he had thought to do to his brother. So you shall remove the evil from among you. § Quoted in 1 Cor 5:13 20 Those who remain shall sh'ma ·hear obey·, and fear, and will never again commit any such evil among you. 21 Your eyes shall not pity: life for life, eye for eye, tooth for tooth, * Quoted in Matt 5:38hand for hand, foot for foot.

- Deuteronomy / D'varim
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*19:3 Deut 19:3 (Deut 19:1-4; Josh 20:4-6) (#6.407): T. To have six cities of refuge for a man guilty of manslaughter that is an accidental or unintentional killer / R. Designate cities of refuge and prepare routes of access

†19:13 Deut 19:13 (Deut 19:11-13) (#6.408): T. Not to pity the murderer in imposing penalties / R. Not to pity the murderer or assailant in trial when imposing penalties

‡19:14 Deut 19:14 (#8.528): T. Not to move landmarks / R. Not to move a boundary marker to steal someone’s property

§19:15 Deut 19:15 (#9.570): T. Not to decide a case on the evidence of a single witness / R. Not to accept testimony from a lone witness

*19:15 Quoted in Matt 18:16; John 8:17; 2 Cor 13:1; 1 Tim 5:19; Heb 10:28

†19:17 Deut 19:17 (Deut 19:16-21) (#9.571): T. If one witness who testifies against another but is found to be a false witness, you shall apply the intended punishment to the false witness (this is found in full context (v16-19)) / R. A witness must not serve as a judge in capital crimes T. Reason: “In this way, you will put an end to such wickedness among you” (v19)

‡19:19 Deut 19:19 (Deut 19:16-21) (#9.572): Punish the false witnesses as they tried to punish the defendant

§19:19 Quoted in 1 Cor 5:13

*19:21 Quoted in Matt 5:38

© 2016 Thomas Robinson