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1 * Deut 24:1 (Deut 24:1-4) (#7.477): To divorce by a written document, called a get ·divorce document·
T. Directive: This get ·divorce document· shall be given to her in her hand. She is to be evicted from his dwelling place. When she has left him, she may become someone else’s wife (v2)
R. Note: There is famous debate between Rabbi Shammai and Rabbi Hillel regarding the grounds of divorce. Rabbi Shammai said divorce is only for serious transgression. Rabbi Hillel said divorce is at the man’s discretion and even burning a meal counts.
New Covenant: R. Note: Some scholars say Rabbi Yeshua commented on this debate and proposed his own grounds for divorce in (Matt 19:3-9, 10-11). Rabbis Yeshua teaches only sexual immorality is grounds for divorce. He says Moses gave this command only because of the people’s hard hearts.
New Covenant: R. Note: Some scholars say Rabbi Paul comments on divorce (1 Cor 7:10-16, 27-28). Rabbi Paul says divorce is not to be sought, but if one spouse is a believer and the other is not and the unbelieving spouse wants to leave, then allow them; but if the unbelieving spouse wants to stay then better to remain married When a man takes a wife and marries her, then it shall be, if she finds no chen ·grace· in his eyes, because he has found some unseemly thing in her, that he shall write her a get ·bill of divorce·, † Quoted in Matt 5:31, 19:7; Mark 10:4 and put it in her hand, and send her out of his house. 2 When she has departed out of his house, she may go and be another man’s wife. 3 If the latter husband hates her, and write her a bill of divorce, and puts it in her hand, and sends her out of his house; or if the latter husband die, who took her to be his wife; 4 ‡ Deut 24:4 (Deut 24:1-4) (#7.478): That one who divorced his wife shall not remarry her after she has been married to another her former husband, who sent her away, may not take her again to be his wife, after that she is defiled; for that is detestable to Adonai . You shall not cause the land to sin, which Adonai your God gives you for an inheritance. (6) 5 § Deut 24:5 (#5.379): T. A groom in his first year of marriage shall not be required to take part in military service or other external obligations / R. Not to demand any involvement, communal or military from one who has taken a wife, built a new home, or planted a vineyard When a man takes a new wife, he shall not go out in the army, neither shall he be assigned any business. * Deut 24:5 (#7.479): T. For a newly married husband to rejoice with his wife one year / R. He who has taken a wife, built a new home, or planted a vineyard is given a year to rejoice with his possessions
T. Note: To “rejoice with his wife” is also translated as “to make his wife happy”. The new husband is to be free from external social obligations / Consider: The idea of a woman being made happy is a foreign idea to all the Middle Eastern nations of the day, and this idea is laughable to the Greeks. This is God’s command, not human rational of the day He shall be free at home one year, and shall cheer his wife whom he has taken. 6 † Deut 24:6 (#8.537): T. “Not to take the mill or the upper millstone in pledge” (v6) / R. Not to take in pledge utensils used in preparing food
Consider: This object allows the person to produce food to eat or product to sell No man shall take the mill or the upper millstone as a pledge; for he takes a life in pledge. 7 If a man is found stealing any of his brothers of the children of Israel [God prevails], and he deals with him as a slave, or sells him; then that thief shall die. So you shall remove the evil from among you. ‡ Quoted in 1 Cor 5:13 8 § Deut 24:8 (Deut 24:8-9; Lev ch. 13-14; Num 12:1-15) (#3.261): Not to remove any of the signs of tzara'at ·leprosy· (See more notes in Lev 13:33 OU213) Be careful in the plague of tzara'at, that you observe diligently, and do according to all that the priests the Levites [Descendants of United with] teach you. As I enjoined them, so you shall observe to do. 9 Remember what Adonai your God did to Miriam, by the way as you came out of Egypt [Abode of slavery]. 10 * Deut 24:10 (Deut 24:10-11) (#8.538): T. A creditor shall not exact a pledge by force, rather wait for the debtor to bring the collateral outside / R. The creditor must not forcibly take collateral
T. Directive: Respect the debtor’s private area of their house When you lend your neighbor any kind of loan, you shall not go into his house to get his pledge. 11 You shall stand outside, and the man to whom you lend shall bring the pledge outside to you. 12 † Deut 24:12 (Deut 24:12-13) (#8.539): Not to keep the pledge from its poor owner during the times that he needs it
T. Example: Specificity a coat needed to keep warm at night If he is a poor man, you shall not sleep with his pledge. 13 ‡ Deut 24:13 (Deut 24:12-13) (#8.540): T. To return a poor man’s loan collateral at sunset / R. To return a loan collateral to its owner when needed You shall surely restore to him the pledge when the sun goes down, that he may sleep in his garment, and bless you. It shall be righteousness to you before Adonai your God. (7) 14 You shall not oppress a hired servant who is poor and needy, whether he is one of your brothers, or one of the foreigners who are in your land within your gates. 15 § Deut 24:15 (Deut 24:14-15; Lev 19:13) (#8.541): To pay a hired worker the wages he is due, on time (before sunset)
T. Reason: For he is poor and looks forward to being paid / T. Note: Sunset is the start of a new day in the Hebrew calendar In his day you shall give him his hire, neither shall the sun go down on it; for he is poor, and sets his heart on it; lest he cry against you to Adonai , and it be sin to you. 16 * Deut 24:16 (#6.424): T. Fathers should not be put to death because of their sons, and sons should not be put to death because of fathers / R. That a relative shall not testify (against a family member) / R. Relatives of the litigants, that is any person involved in the lawsuit, must not testify
R. Note: Oral Tradition teaches that parents are not to be put to death on the evidence of their children, and the same applies to other relatives. The fathers shall not be put to death for the children, neither shall the children be put to death for the fathers. Every man shall be put to death for his own sin. 17 † Deut 24:17 (Deut 24:17-18; Ex 22:21-23 [Heb Bible Ex 22:21-23]) (#10.613): T. Not to deprive justice to foreigners, widows, and orphans / R. Not to pervert the judgment of strangers, converts, and orphans You shall not deprive the foreigner or the orphan of mishpat ·justice·, ‡ Deut 24:17 (Deut 24:17-18) (#8.542): T. Not to take a widow’s clothes as collateral for a loan / R. Not to take a loan collateral from a widow nor take a widow’s clothing in pledge; 18 but you shall remember that you were a slave in Egypt [Abode of slavery], and Adonai your God redeemed you there. Therefore I enjoin you to do this thing. 19 § Deut 24:19 (#8.543): To leave the forgotten sheaves in your harvesting of your fields * Deut 24:19 (Deut 24:20-21, 24:19-22) (#8.544): T. This is not found in the straight forward text, it is implied by (Deut 24:20-21) / R. Not to gather for a second time, that is the forgotten sheaths of your field or the forgotten fruit in your trees When you reap your harvest in your field, and have forgotten a sheaf in the field, you shall not go again to get it. It shall be for the foreigner, for the orphan, and for the widow; that Adonai your God may bless you in all the work of your hands. 20 When you beat your olive tree, you shall not go over the boughs again. It shall be for the foreigner, for the orphan, and for the widow. 21 When you harvest your vineyard, you shall not glean it after yourselves. It shall be for the foreigner, for the fatherless, and for the widow. 22 You shall remember that you were a slave in the land of Egypt [Abode of slavery]. Therefore I enjoin you to do this thing.

- Deuteronomy / D'varim
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*24:1 Deut 24:1 (Deut 24:1-4) (#7.477): To divorce by a written document, called a get ·divorce document· T. Directive: This get ·divorce document· shall be given to her in her hand. She is to be evicted from his dwelling place. When she has left him, she may become someone else’s wife (v2) R. Note: There is famous debate between Rabbi Shammai and Rabbi Hillel regarding the grounds of divorce. Rabbi Shammai said divorce is only for serious transgression. Rabbi Hillel said divorce is at the man’s discretion and even burning a meal counts. New Covenant: R. Note: Some scholars say Rabbi Yeshua commented on this debate and proposed his own grounds for divorce in (Matt 19:3-9, 10-11). Rabbis Yeshua teaches only sexual immorality is grounds for divorce. He says Moses gave this command only because of the people’s hard hearts. New Covenant: R. Note: Some scholars say Rabbi Paul comments on divorce (1 Cor 7:10-16, 27-28). Rabbi Paul says divorce is not to be sought, but if one spouse is a believer and the other is not and the unbelieving spouse wants to leave, then allow them; but if the unbelieving spouse wants to stay then better to remain married

†24:1 Quoted in Matt 5:31, 19:7; Mark 10:4

‡24:4 Deut 24:4 (Deut 24:1-4) (#7.478): That one who divorced his wife shall not remarry her after she has been married to another

§24:5 Deut 24:5 (#5.379): T. A groom in his first year of marriage shall not be required to take part in military service or other external obligations / R. Not to demand any involvement, communal or military from one who has taken a wife, built a new home, or planted a vineyard

*24:5 Deut 24:5 (#7.479): T. For a newly married husband to rejoice with his wife one year / R. He who has taken a wife, built a new home, or planted a vineyard is given a year to rejoice with his possessions T. Note: To “rejoice with his wife” is also translated as “to make his wife happy”. The new husband is to be free from external social obligations / Consider: The idea of a woman being made happy is a foreign idea to all the Middle Eastern nations of the day, and this idea is laughable to the Greeks. This is God’s command, not human rational of the day

†24:6 Deut 24:6 (#8.537): T. “Not to take the mill or the upper millstone in pledge” (v6) / R. Not to take in pledge utensils used in preparing food Consider: This object allows the person to produce food to eat or product to sell

‡24:7 Quoted in 1 Cor 5:13

§24:8 Deut 24:8 (Deut 24:8-9; Lev ch. 13-14; Num 12:1-15) (#3.261): Not to remove any of the signs of tzara'at ·leprosy· (See more notes in Lev 13:33 OU213)

*24:10 Deut 24:10 (Deut 24:10-11) (#8.538): T. A creditor shall not exact a pledge by force, rather wait for the debtor to bring the collateral outside / R. The creditor must not forcibly take collateral T. Directive: Respect the debtor’s private area of their house

†24:12 Deut 24:12 (Deut 24:12-13) (#8.539): Not to keep the pledge from its poor owner during the times that he needs it T. Example: Specificity a coat needed to keep warm at night

‡24:13 Deut 24:13 (Deut 24:12-13) (#8.540): T. To return a poor man’s loan collateral at sunset / R. To return a loan collateral to its owner when needed

§24:15 Deut 24:15 (Deut 24:14-15; Lev 19:13) (#8.541): To pay a hired worker the wages he is due, on time (before sunset) T. Reason: For he is poor and looks forward to being paid / T. Note: Sunset is the start of a new day in the Hebrew calendar

*24:16 Deut 24:16 (#6.424): T. Fathers should not be put to death because of their sons, and sons should not be put to death because of fathers / R. That a relative shall not testify (against a family member) / R. Relatives of the litigants, that is any person involved in the lawsuit, must not testify R. Note: Oral Tradition teaches that parents are not to be put to death on the evidence of their children, and the same applies to other relatives.

†24:17 Deut 24:17 (Deut 24:17-18; Ex 22:21-23 [Heb Bible Ex 22:21-23]) (#10.613): T. Not to deprive justice to foreigners, widows, and orphans / R. Not to pervert the judgment of strangers, converts, and orphans

‡24:17 Deut 24:17 (Deut 24:17-18) (#8.542): T. Not to take a widow’s clothes as collateral for a loan / R. Not to take a loan collateral from a widow

§24:19 Deut 24:19 (#8.543): To leave the forgotten sheaves in your harvesting of your fields

*24:19 Deut 24:19 (Deut 24:20-21, 24:19-22) (#8.544): T. This is not found in the straight forward text, it is implied by (Deut 24:20-21) / R. Not to gather for a second time, that is the forgotten sheaths of your field or the forgotten fruit in your trees

© 2016 Thomas Robinson